Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are a unique component in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, also known as endotoxin, which can lead to sepsis, septic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after infecting the host. LPS induces the host's response using signal transduction pathways, stimulates immune cells to produce a large number of inflammatory cytokines with thermal effects, and causes excessive activation of the immune system.
