Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Although the primary role of LPS is to maintain the integrity of the bacterial envelope, LPS also binds to the CD14/TLR4/MD2 receptor complex on many cell types, such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, leading to pro-inflammatory Cytokine release comes from these cells. Crohn's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with chronic inflammation induced by an activated innate immune response.
